Prevention and Skin Protection

Melanoma is preventable in the majority of cases. It is estimated that UV (ultraviolet) radiation is responsible for 95% of melanomas. Melanomas that are detected and treated early are cured in 90% of cases.

Melanoma Patients Australia strongly encourages melanoma patients and community members to follow the guidance provided by the Australian College of Dermatology, Melanoma Institute Australia and the Cancer Council at all times when it comes to skin cancer prevention and skin protection.

Preventative measures include:

  • Avoid the sun or use protective measures during the middle of the day when UV radiation levels are at their highest or when the UV index is higher than 3.
  • Wear sun protective clothing that covers as much skin as possible, such as tightly woven longer sleeved clothing, and rash vests and wetsuits when swimming or undertaking other water activities
  • Use of broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 50+ sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB.
  • Wear a broad-brimmed hat to protect your face, head, neck and ears.
  • Seek shade wherever possible/available.
  • Wear sunglasses, preferably close-fitting, wrap-around style. Make sure they meet Australian standards.
  • Perform self skin examinations in addition to professional skin checks.
  • Avoid solariums
Diagram showing the effects of UV, UVA & UVB on the skin, and how sunscreen can protect you from harmful UV rays
Understanding Ultraviolet Radiation

There are two types of ultraviolet (UV) radiation UVA and UVB that can harm skin.

  • UVA penetrates deeper into the skin and is the primary cause of wrinkles, sunspots and damaged appearance of the skin.
  • UVB penetrates the top layers of the skin, primarily causing sunburn and cancer.

The most effective way to prevent melanoma is to protect yourself by adopting sunsmart behaviours early in life. These behaviours should continue throughout life to minimise the risk of developing melanoma.

drawing of a sun in sunscreen on a person's back
Using Sunscreen

When using sunscreen, it is important to follow these guidelines:

  • Apply sunscreen at least 20 minutes before you go outdoors, and at least every two hours afterwards.
  • Apply generously and cover all areas including behind the ears and knees
  • Use a water-resistant sunscreen when swimming
  • Reapply sunscreen according to the product label instructions
  • Ensure the sunscreen complies with the current Australian and New Zealand Standard for Sunscreens (AS/NZS2604:2012) approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).
  • Make sure sunscreen has been stored correctly and is still in date.
FREE webinar – A Deep Dive into Sunscreen

You can view Melanoma Patients Australia and Melanoma Institute Australia’s joint webinar– A Deep Dive into Sunscreen recorded in June 2025.

Further Information and Resource Links about Sun Protection and Sunscreen

The Australian College of Dermatologists

Fact Sheet – How do I protect my skin from the sun

Melanoma Institute Australia

How to prevent melanoma – sunscreen FAQ’s

Cancer Council

About Sunscreen

Sunscreen Myths and Questions

About SPF50+ Sunscreen

Nanoparticles and Sunscreen

Sunscreen Reactions

Therapeutic Goods Administration

Safety of Sunscreens

Australian Regulatory Guidelines for Sunscreens

 

 

Approved Sunscreen Products & Testing

Sunscreen products approved by the TGA can be found on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods here.

Choice Sunscreen Testing Update – June 2025

Following independent sunscreen product testing in June 2025 by independent consumer not-for-profit CHOICE, test results on 20 popular sunscreens on the market, 16 reportedly failed to meet their SPF claims. This article can be read here.

CHOICE subsequently called on the TGA and ACCC to investigate sunscreen brands across Australia, to make sure sunscreen safety matches people’s expectations.

The TGA have issued a recall for several sunscreen brands currently sold in Australia following preliminary testing evidence indicating the SPF levels of their products may be lower than what is claimed on their labels.  The latest information about recalled products and the ongoing investigation by the TGA can be found here.

The latest alerts on suncreens issued by the TGA can be found here:

Understanding Vitamin D and Sun Exposure

Vitamin D is a hormone, that is important for overall health as well as maintaining strong and healthy bones. Your body can make its own vitamin D from sunlight and it can also be obtained from supplements and some foods.

A small amount of sunlight is needed each week to activate our vitamin D. The amount of sun exposure required will vary depending on the time of year, skin type, age, body mass index and a number of other factors. When UV levels are below 3, sun protection is generally not recommended.

Most people will be able to maintain sufficient vitamin D levels through incidental sun exposure (such as walking to the car) for a few minutes per day on most days of the week. Deliberate excess sun exposure is not recommended, even if you have a vitamin D deficiency. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of melanoma, and does not cause vitamin D levels to continue to increase, as there is a limit to how much vitamin D can be synthesised in the skin.

If you are found to have a Vitamin D deficiency on blood tests, your doctor may advise you to take vitamin D supplementation.